Protein purification is an essential step in biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology research, typically requiring specialized equipment. While commercial purification systems are efficient, they are often prohibitively expensive, limiting access for smaller labs and educational institutions. REVOLVER, an open-source automated protein purification system developed by Patrick Diep and Jose L. Cadavid at the University of Toronto, provides a cost-effective solution. This project aims to democratize protein purification by offering a scalable, automated system that is fully open-source and customizable.
About REVOLVER
REVOLVER is designed to automate protein purification using large-scale gravity columns, offering a streamlined, parallel approach for handling multiple samples. The system also includes MULTIVOLVER, a multiplexed version of REVOLVER capable of purifying up to six samples simultaneously. All components, including hardware, firmware, and 3D-printable files, are available in the repository, allowing labs to build and adapt the system based on their specific needs.
Key Features
- Automated Protein Purification: REVOLVER automates the entire gravity-column purification process, saving time and increasing throughput.
- Multiplexing Capability: MULTIVOLVER enables simultaneous purification of up to six samples, making it ideal for labs requiring high-throughput protein purification.
- Open-Source Accessibility: Full hardware and software files are freely available, allowing labs to build, customize, and improve the system.
- Cost-Effective: Designed to use affordable components, REVOLVER provides a low-cost alternative to commercial protein purification systems.
- Customizable 3D Parts: All necessary 3D-printable parts are provided, with files compatible with Fusion 360 for easy customization.
Design and Components
REVOLVER’s design emphasizes ease of assembly, affordability, and adaptability, using widely available components and open-source software. Here’s a breakdown of its main components:
- Electronics: REVOLVER uses an Arduino Nano microcontroller to manage the system’s various functions, including stepper motors and servo controls. The repository includes detailed wiring schematics and Gerber files to create custom PCBs, streamlining assembly and reducing complexity. Additionally, all necessary libraries and code for controlling the device are readily available and easy to install.
- Firmware: The firmware for REVOLVER is written in Arduino IDE, with separate configurations for single-sample mode (REVOLVER) and multiplexed mode (MULTIVOLVER). The code relies on commonly used libraries (Stepper, Servo, and Wire) for controlling motors and communication, making the firmware easy to update or adapt for custom setups.
- 3D-Printed Hardware: All essential parts can be 3D-printed using the included STL files, designed for standard FDM printers. REVOLVER’s modular design includes editable Fusion 360 files, allowing users to adjust components to fit their specific requirements. The parts have been tested using PLA, a common and affordable 3D printing material, ensuring broad accessibility.
Performance and Results
REVOLVER effectively automates the gravity-column-based protein purification process, handling tasks that would otherwise require significant manual labor. In MULTIVOLVER mode, the system can purify up to six samples simultaneously, making it suitable for high-throughput experiments and labs requiring large volumes of purified proteins. This system enables labs to process protein samples efficiently and consistently while minimizing hands-on time.
Cost and Accessibility
One of REVOLVER’s standout features is its affordability, using inexpensive components and 3D-printed parts. This cost-effective design allows smaller labs and educational facilities to build and use an automated protein purification system without the high upfront costs associated with commercial alternatives. All resources needed to build the device are freely available, allowing for customization and community-driven improvements.
How to Build and Use REVOLVER
The repository includes complete instructions for building and using REVOLVER. Here’s a summary of the setup process:
- Acquire Components: All parts, including the Arduino Nano and other electronic components, are detailed in the Bill of Materials (BOM) provided in the repository.
- 3D Print Parts: Use the provided STL files to print the necessary hardware components, compatible with standard 3D printers like the Ender 3.
- Assemble Electronics: Follow the included wiring schematics to connect components to the Arduino Nano. Optionally, order a custom PCB using the Gerber files provided for a streamlined setup.
- Upload Firmware: Configure REVOLVER in single or multiplex mode by uploading the appropriate firmware from the repository. Instructions for uploading code via the Arduino IDE are provided.
- Operate REVOLVER: REVOLVER is controlled through serial commands, allowing users to manage purification runs using any computer with USB connectivity and the Arduino IDE installed.
For more detailed assembly instructions and troubleshooting tips, refer to the full documentation available in the HardwareX manuscript.
REVOLVER is a powerful, affordable alternative for labs seeking automated protein purification capabilities without the high cost of commercial systems. By offering a modular, customizable design, REVOLVER enables labs to efficiently purify proteins, freeing up time and resources for other essential tasks. This project exemplifies the potential of open-source science to make advanced research techniques accessible and adaptable, empowering researchers worldwide to innovate and collaborate.
